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BUSINESS STUDIES PROJECT

A PROJECT REPORT ON CHANGES WITNESSED OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS ON MODE OF PACKAGING AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACT Submitted By –Name: THEERTHA UPAMANUE CBSE BOARD ROLL NO: __________________________ Class: 12 COM B

THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL DUBAI 2024-25

THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL, DUBAI BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report in BUSINESS STUDIES on Changes witnessed over the last few years on mode of packaging and its economic impact is the Bonafide work of

THEERTHA UPAMANUE

who carried out the project work under my supervision.

TEACHER IN CHARGE: __________________________ ___________ [Dr Richa Vij]INTERNAL EXAMINER: __________________________ ____________ EXTERNAL EXAMINER: ________________________ ______________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my

Business Studies

teacher,

Dr Richa Vij,

as well as my Supervisor,

Mrs. Rachna Saran

, who gave me this opportunity to do the Business Studies project on Changes witnessed over the last few years on mode of packaging a nd its economic impact which has enhanced my knowledge and sharpened my research skills.I am really thankful to them.I would also like to thank my parents and friends who put in their time and energy to help me finish this project within the allotted time.MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO ALL WHO HELPED ME.

[SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENT]Theertha Upamanue

INDEX

S.N O T O P I C PAGE NO 1.E L E M E N T S O F B U SI N E S S E N V I R O N M E N T 1 2.I N T R O D U C T I O N 2 3.P A C K I N G &P A C K A G I N G 2 4.B R I E F H I S T O R Y O F P A C K A G I N G 3 5.L E V E L S O F P A C K A G I N G 4 6.I M P O R T A N C E O F P A C K A G I N G 5 7.CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION OF FRUITS& VEGETABLES 6 8.CHANGES WITNESSED IN THE SUPPLY OF MILK 7 9.PLASTIC FURNITURE GAINING PREFERENCE OVER WOODEN FURNITURE 9 10.ORIGIN OF CARDBOARD & THE VARIOUS STAGES OF CHANGES AND GROWTH 10 11.BROWN PAPER BAGS TO RECYCLED PAPER BAGS TO PLASTIC BAGS & CLOTH BAGS 11 12.REUSE OF PACKAGING (BOTTLES, JAR &TINS) TO ATTRACT CUSTOMERS 14 1 3.C O N C E P T O F P Y R A M I D P A C K A G I N G 1 4 14.COST BEING BORNE BY CONSUMERS &MANUFACTURER 16 15.PACKAGING USED AS A MEANS OF ADVERTISEMENT 16 1 6.C A S E S T U D Y 1 7 1 7.C O N C L U S I O N 2 1 1 8.A P P E N D I X 2 2

ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

The term ‘business enviro nment’ means the sum total of all indivi duals, institution s and other forces that are outside the control of a business enterprise but that may affect its performance.SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

The social environment of business includes social forces like customs, traditions, values, social trends, and society’s expectations. Traditions, such as celebrating Diwali, Eid, Christmas, and Guru Parv in India, provide financial opportunities for greeting card companies, confectioners, and tailoring outlets. Values represent concepts society holds dear, like individual freedom, social justice, and national integration. In business, these values translate to freedom of market choice, responsibility towards society, and nondiscriminatory employment practices. Social trends, such as the health and fitness movement, create demand for products like organic food, gyms, and bottled water.Social trends and consumer values shape packaging choices. As society grows more environmentally conscious, businesses are pressured to adopt eco-friendly packaging solutions, like recyclable or biodegradable materials.

LEGAL ENVIRONMENT

The legal environment includes legislation, administrative orders, court judgments, and decisions by various government bodies at the central, state, or local levels. Businesses must obey the law, and understanding government rules is essential for good performance. Noncompliance can lead to legal issues. In India, regulations such as the Companies Act 2013, Foreign Exchange Management Act, Factories Act 1948, and Consumer Protection Act 1986, among others, must be followed. For example, alcohol advertising is banned, cigarette packets must carry health warnings, and baby food ads must state that "m other’s milk is the best."Packaging must comply with various laws and regulations. Governments often impose rules to protect consumers and promote sustainability, such as mandatory labeling (e.g., health warnings on cigarettes) or restrictions on harmful materials (e.g., bans on single-use plastics).