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A Diamagnetic Simple Salt of Nickel

Abstract

ACCORDING to the accepted views on atomic structure, the atoms of nickel, palladium, and platinum should, in the fundamental state, show the same outer electronic structure, namely, _s_ 2 _d_ 8, where _s_ denotes an electron with _l_=0 and _d_ an electron with _l_=2. Spectroscopic evidence seems to indicate that, in the case of palladium, the electronic distribution corresponding to the fundamental state is _d_ 10. The magnetic properties of the compounds of these elements show great dissimilarity; for example, while NiCl 2 is paramagnetic and has a magnetic moment of about 14–16 Weiss magnetons, both PdCl 2 and PtCl 2 are diamagnetic (Bose and Bhar, _Zeit. f. Physik._, Vol. 48, p. 716). This difference was explained by these authors on the assumption that in NiCl 2 the two outer _s_ electrons of the nickel atom are transferred to the two Cl atoms giving rise to a polar molecule, while in the other two compounds the two chlorine atoms are in covalent bond with the two uncoupled _d_ electrons in the atoms respectively of palladium, or of platinum, thus neutralising the magnetic moments of these atoms. It has, however, been found that both K 2 PtCl 4 and K 2 Ni(CN)4 are diamagnetic.