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Understanding the Basic Components of a Hydraulic System

So, what are the components of a hydraulic system?

The basic components are a reservoir, fluid, valves, pumps, motor, pipes, actuator, and filter. As with any other kind of machine, the parts of a hydraulic system vary according to function. For instance, there are different types of valves depending on what the system will be used for.

So, What is a Hydraulic System?

A hydraulic system uses a pump powered by a motor to extend pressure on fluid through a pipe which transfers energy to create movement. The pressure created in this system is measured in pounds per square inch (psi) and can be in the thousands. The energy involved in this transfer determines how powerful the system will be. The circuit can be very complex, made up of various valves, pipes, pistons, and other features depending on what it will be used for, or it can be as simple as a squirt bottle.

Hydraulics work as a great power source because liquids are easier to move under pressure than solids, but more stable than gases. The energy needed to exert pressure on hydraulic fluid to make a giant crane on a construction site work is minimal in comparison to other forms of accomplishing the same task. Hydraulic systems work fast, work strong, and work clean because the fluid is always contained.

So, What are Some Examples of Uses for Hydraulic Systems?

Hydraulic systems are used in many different forms of machinery. Today, most large machinery uses at least one type of hydraulic feature. Farm machinery uses hydraulics in tractors, sprayers, mixers, irrigation systems, harvesters, and loaders. This technology has made farming quicker and easier.

Anything that uses brakes uses hydraulics. This includes airplanes and automobiles. Applying pressure to your brake transfers pressure to the pistons that push brake fluid through cylinders and causes the brake pad to be pressed onto the rotor and stopping your vehicle. It is a fast, often life-saving system that we tend to take for granted.

So, Why is There a Filter in Hydraulic Systems?

A filter is an important part of hydraulic systems because it keeps the fluid free from material that could cause blockage. There are various filters designed for different jobs, including low-pressure filters that block contaminants before they reach the fluid. High-pressure filters clean the fluid after it has been through the pump and help control its effectiveness. The main reason for hydraulic system failure is contaminants in the line, so the filters are a critical part of the circuit.

So, What Liquids Are Used for Hydraulic Systems?

Although water was the original material used in hydraulics, it is not used in hydraulic systems today because of its freezing and boiling points and other factors. Hydraulic fluid can be made up of different types of mineral or petroleum-based oils that do not have the limitations of water.

Whenever you put pressure on liquid to move something, you use a form of hydraulics. The amazing systems in use today take this technology to incredible heights. You can drive safely to the grocery store and buy reasonably priced food because of the practical application of hydraulics.