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Basic Components of a Hydraulic System - M&M Hydraulic Company

Reservoir Oil Tank

Hydraulic oil requires a storage location, and a hydraulic reservoir is just that. The oil tank holds the fluids required for the system, as well as filter contaminants from entering in. It’s one of the most critical components of a hydraulic system since it stores and protects the system’s essential fluid supply. It also helps to cool fluids and allow solids to settle within them, plus to allow air to escape from the area.

Pipes

Hydraulic fluids need to be carried from one point to another without losing significant pressure, and with minimal disruption. That’s why pipes are prominent in hydraulic systems; they are designed for efficiency, strength, and high pressures. Some of the most common materials used include steel or ceramic-lined steel. Pipes help keep dangerous fluids contained while carrying them from one point to another within the system.

Pumps

Hydraulic pumps provide power to move fluid throughout a system under pressure, something that could not be done through simple gravity alone. As such, it is considered the heart of the hydraulic system.

This hydraulic component can also be responsible for controlling the pressure of fluids, ensuring they reach their intended destination effectively. Some common types of pumps used in hydraulic systems include gear pumps, vane pumps, and piston pumps.

A Power Source

Naturally, you will need power to facilitate this entire operation. Electric motors are the most common for use with hydraulic components, helping to generate GPM within the system itself. Other sources of power include gasoline or diesel engines, as well as wind turbines in specialized applications.

Actuator

The role of the actuator is to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical force. This component can take many forms, but essentially, its purpose is to facilitate movement within the system. In most cases, actuators are made up of a cylinder and a piston that moves back and forth as fluid is sent through it.

Valves

Valves are used in hydraulic systems to regulate the flow of fluids and control pressure levels. They play an integral role in directing fluids to specific areas within the system or even changing the direction of flow. Different valve types have different functions, such as relief valves for controlling overpressure and directional valves for controlling the direction of fluid flow.

Filters

As with any system that involves fluids, filters are critical for preventing contaminants from entering and potentially damaging components. They help to keep the fluids clean and functioning at optimal levels, ensuring the system continues to operate smoothly.