h cutter suction dredge pump parts

Centrifugal pump

Centrifugal Pump

A centrifugal pump converts mechanical energy from a motor to the energy of a moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid motion, some into potential energy, against gravity, to a higher altitude.

A centrifugal pump is a rotating machine in which flow and pressure are generated dynamically. It works on the principle of forced vortex flow or centrifugal force. Flow is in radial outward direction.

Classification Of Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal pumps may be classified by the number of Impellers: Single stage centrifugal pump: One Impeller is used in pump. Multi-stage centrifugal pump: More than One impellers is used. Impellers may be CLOSED, SEMI CLOSED or OPEN to the system.

Applications

Centrifugal pumps are used in a variety of applications: Almost 70-80% centrifugal pumps are used in industry or for domestic purpose. Water Supply & Irrigation. Chemical, Food, Petrochemical Industries. Mining, Domestic appliances.

Components of centrifugal pump

Impeller: The impeller is the main rotating part of the centrifugal pump that provides the centrifugal acceleration to the fluid. Casing: It is an airtight chamber which surrounds the impeller. It is similar to the casing of reaction turbine. Suction pump: It is pump which is connected at its upper end to the inlet of the pump or to the center of the which is commonly known as eye. From which liquid is to be sump/lifted up. Suction pump is fitted with a valve known as suction valve. Discharge pump: It is a pump which is connected at its lower end to the pump it delivers the liquid to the required height. Just near the outlet of the pump there is valve known as discharge valve. Liquid contain high pressure as compare to inlet.

Working Principle

The first step in the operation of the centrifugal pump is priming. Priming in the operation in which the suction pipe, casing of the pump and portion of the delivery pipe up to the delivery valve are competed filled with liquid which is to be pumped. It is done because to remove air from these parts of centrifugal pump. After primed, delivery valve remains closed. The electric motor is started to rotate the impeller. The rotation of the impeller in the casing full of liquid produce a forced vortex or centrifugal force which imparts a centrifugal head to the liquid. When the delivery valve opened the liquid is made to flow in an outward radial direction. Thus it results, increase in pressure and velocity of liquid is to be observed at the delivery valve.

Important Points

The increase of pressure at any point is proportional to the square of angular velocity and the distance of the point from the axis of rotation. If the speed to impeller is sufficiently high, the pressure and the velocity of the liquid is relatively high.

Advantages Disadvantages

Simplicity. Low power consumption. Relatively inexpensive. Use for domestic/commercial purpose. Low maintenance. Weight saving. Poor suction power(primed). Produce cavitation. Corrosion. can’t deal with viscous fluids like mud and waste. Can’t be able to work high speed.

CONCLUSION

Transportation of fluids, relatively with high speed. Centrifugal pump mostly use for commercial purpose. Centrifugal pump have simple shape so ultimately it is cost effective. Less power consumption. Working mechanism is simple. Can be Used to pump suspended or toxic fluids. Not used for volatile or viscous fluids.