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PREFABRICATED HOUSE:

PREFABRICATED HOUSE:

DEFINING ARCHITECTURAL QUALITY AND IDENTITY THROUGH THE INNOVATION OF PREFAB TECTONICS

A DARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF ARCHITECTURE MAY 2017 By Joo ‐Hyun Park DArch Committee: Martin Despang, Chairperson William Chapman Nathan M. Toothman Keywords: “Jen ‐Se” Korean rental system, Mid ‐income Housing, Prefab House, Precast Concrete Culvert, Cross Nailed Timber system

Acknowledgements

This research ‐design dissertation could not have been completed without the help of many important people. I would like to thank Dr. William Chapman, Nathan Toothman, P.E and my chairperson Martin Despang, Their deep knowledge and advice were a great encouragement. DArch committee meetings have equipped me with deeper knowledge in historical, social, and cultural contexts within architecture, and broadened my perspective globally. Technologically, I owe to the GPRM precast concrete and Hundegger CLT company. Through actual meetings with GPRM, I was able to understand precast concrete in terms of materiality, detail, process, and cost estimate. Moreover, I could make test sample of the CNT with actual aluminum nails from the Hundegger in Germany. Beyond the CLT, I was able to gain knowledge of CNT, an economical and environmental friendly system. More importantly, I would like to give a big special thank you to my wife Chae ‐Eun Bang. Her support and encouragement were the greatest strength during my thesis time. She taught me a lot of infinite things. She is my most trustworthy adviser. Above all, her determination has always resulted in better research and design for me. My son, Brayden, did not play well during my research period. I want to thank you for your understanding. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents and wife Chae ‐Eun Bang’s parents for their great help and patience during this challenging, long journey.

Abstract

This dissertation is for design of mid ‐income people house that they can afford “Jense” Korean rental system. Therefore, I focused on high quality design, general size for a family, and regular budget. This is because failure reason of prefab architecture in Korea came from low cost and quality. Moreover, to figure out the value of identity, I would like to begin research with customization through the eyes of the owner. I am going to research and test clients needs, both negative and positive, within prefab system. In present day case of prefab houses, it is hard to have customization due to government regulations and affordability needs; therefore I have to figure out architecturally good quality and merits to prove that possibility of customization is a benefit to society, changing the definition of prefab house. Additionally, the existing perception for prefabrication house is negative. My proposal is researching not only economics, but also high quality design, including sustainability and adaptability in order to build prefab houses for the general population, not only for affordable housing. To figure out this issue, my research’s goal is to have good architectural design by implementing mass ‐customization options for a variety of applications . This project applied in Busan where Second city in Korea. The structure is a creative system by using two materials that are concrete and wood. Furthermore, I research two directions of systems for Prefab Architecture. There are Precast Concrete Culvert and Cross Nailed Timber (CNT).